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How to Show Hidden Files in Windows Me and Windows 2000
January 21, 2010 | Tagged Windows, Windows 95, Windows 98 Windows, Windows7 | Leave a Comment
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Only a certain percentage of the people who work on computers today with Microsoft Windows seem to know how to use DOS commands. Some may feel that they've given way to the brevity of Graphical User Interfaces used by Mac OS X and Windows, but the command line is still very important, and very much alive and well. There are times that people are asked to type things out on a RUN box and use DOS commands in Windows, and they do so often without realizing it. On this article, advanced and intermediate users will find that I've tested and isolated the DOS commands that will work on one version of XP but not another. Anyone who is new to DOS in Windows will be given a brief introduction, and shown a few Windows hot keys that will make the use of the DOS box easier and more manageable for those who are used to a graphical system only.
If you are an advanced user or intermediate user, then please feel free to skip over the introduction below and go straight to the command reference section. Otherwise, for newcomers it will be helpful for you to read these next few paragraphs before getting started.
For today's users, I would imagine that a cryptic text prompt without any sound, graphics or mouse controls upon a screen of darkness may be a bit intimidating! But don't worry, because once you get the hang of it…you will start to see the freedoms, benefits and many advantages of using things from the command prompt to save time and gain efficiency as opposed to pointing and clicking everything. Remember, once upon a time…all levels of computer users had to use a command prompt full screen as the only way to talk to the computer, and even that was an advancement over far more cryptic methods of using things like magnetic punch tape, and numeric keypads where all commands were given as numbers and you had to memorize those to work with it!
We have come a long way. Sometimes I feel, not necessarily in the right direction … but the fact is that progress has been made regardless of the direction is still entirely true.
Microsoft Windows never really got rid of DOS completely (after all, it was based on it). Sure, they use things like NTLDR now and the NTFS file system to replace FAT16 and FAT32. They have done their best to make it appear as much as possible that most parts of DOS are gone, but … DOS is still there. The parts that are still there are made to hidden from the user as much as possible.
You can do at least half of what you already do graphically through Windows by using a command prompt, and the command line of a virtual DOS box. The better you are at typing, the faster you will become at it, and the more rapidly you can execute commands to do things.
The command prompt is the cryptic prompt that you'll see on a DOS box whenever you start it up. You can make a DOS box appear whenever you want by pressing the Start button, selecting RUN on the menu that appears, and then by typing CMD on the white box and press enter.
To launch a DOS box on Vista or Windows 7, you would use the search bar after pushing the start button and type CMD then press enter. On Vista and Windows 7, the RUN option is replaced by the search bar (which you can type a command onto directly and then execute).
When the dos box appears, you'll see that it's like I said: a cryptic dark box. But don't be afraid of it! This is just a virtual DOS shell over top of Windows. You can exit out of it at any time by typing EXIT and pressing the enter key. You can exit out of a DOS box by just using your mouse to click the X (close button) on the upper right hand part of the dos box as long as you are not using the dos box with the full screen mode.
If you ever want to go between a full screen DOS box and a DOS window, hold the ALT key down and then press the ENTER key. It toggles the size of the DOS box for you. If you need to keep your DOS box full screen, but wish to switch to a Windows program, you can hold the ALT key down, and then press the TAB key (ALT+TAB) to switch to another program. If you hold on to the ALT key after you release TAB, you can hold ALT and press TAB repeatedly to select the program you want to switch to. When you arrive at the program you want to switch to, release the ALT key, and Windows will switch to that program.
If you switch back to a DOS box that is full screen, the Windows environment will reflect that whenever a full screen DOS box has focus. In MS-DOS (and clones such as FreeDOS and DRDOS), you can make a script of DOS commands that execute, ask questions, do limited Boolean comparisons and run other programs if programmed to. These scripts are called Batch Files, and are usually just text file scripts containing DOS commands. These files have a .BAT extension if you see them in a DOS box.
Below is a detailed compilation of DOS commands which will work on the virtual DOS box that is created whenever CMD is executed in Windows from the Start, Run box. Please be aware that many of the commands that will run out of a DOS box are made to call Windows programs and functions now, and would not normally exist on a true DOS operating system (such as FreeDOS or MS-DOS 6.22).
There are two lists below for you to make use of.
The first list has commands that I've found will work universally with all versions of Windows XP Home, Windows XP Professional and beyond. The second list will only work and be recognized on systems running Windows XP Professional or higher.
Some of the commands that run on either list will work with Windows 2000 and 2003 server also, but many of them will not because Microsoft used a different command name for some of them.
Most of these commands will also work with all versions of Vista and Windows 7, but I have not tested them thoroughly yet to see which will work with non-XP versions of Windows, and which will not. You are welcome to experiment if you like and see which ones are recognized, and which ones are not at your own risk.
A word of advice for anyone who is new and does decide to experiment: Try to avoid any commands which perform file manipulations of any kind unless you are sure of what you are doing! Unless you are using an emulator, the commands you execute from a DOS box can and will always affect or change the computer certain ways whenever you run them.
The majority of computers still run XP rather than Vista or Windows 7 at the time of this writing, so the concentration and focus for this article has been exclusively written with attention to compatibility for DOS environments that run upon Windows XP Home and Windows XP Professional. My tests were conducted with XP using Service Pack 3 in both cases.
There are some DOS commands on this last that you'll see have a “~” sign before them. This means that those DOS commands can be used universally with batch files, and should work just fine if run out of a DOS box on any version of Windows. They are able to work in most versions of real and true DOS as well (meaning, a computer where DOS is the only operating system installed). You will only see the ones listed with a “~” under the first list, since it is the list with the most compatibility.
DOS COMMANDS FOR XP HOME AND HIGHER (These commands will work with Windows XP Home and Windows versions beyond):
ARP Address Resolution Protocol
ASSOC Change file extension associations (use /? for help)
AT Schedule a command to run at a later time (use /? for help)
ATTRIB Change file attributes
CACLS Change file permissions
CALL Call one batch program from another
CD Change Directory – move to a specific Folder
CHKDSK Check Disk – check and repair disk problems
CHKNTFS Check the NTFS file system
CHOICE Accept keyboard input to a batch file
CleanMgr Automated cleanup of Temp files, recycle bin
~ CLS Clear the screen
CMD Start a new CMD shell
COLOR Change colors of the CMD window
COMP Compare the contents of two files or sets of files
COMPACT Compress files or folders on an NTFS partition
CONVERT Convert a FAT drive to NTFS.
~ COPY Copy one or more files to another location
DATE Display or set the date
Dcomcnfg DCOM Configuration Utility
DEFRAG Defragment hard drive
DEL Delete one or more files
DIR Display a list of files and folders
DISKCOMP Compare the contents of two floppy disks
DISKCOPY Copy the contents of one floppy disk to another
DOSKEY Edit command line, recall commands, and create macros
DSQUERY List items in active directory
ECHO Display message on screen
ENDLOCAL End localization of environment changes in a batch file
ERASE Delete one or more files
EXIT Quit the current script/routine and set an errorlevel.
EXPAND Decompress files
FC Compare two files
FIND Search for a text string in a file
FINDSTR Search for strings in files
FOR /F Loop command: against a set of files
FOR /F Loop command: against the results of another command
FOR Loop command: all options Files, Directory, List
FORMAT Format a disk
FSUTIL File and Volume utilities
FTP File Transfer Protocol
FTYPE Display or modify file types used in file extension associations
GOTO Direct a batch program to jump to a labeled line
HELP Online Help
IF Conditionally perform a command
IPCONFIG Configure IP
LABEL Edit a disk label
LOGOFF Log a user off
MEM Display memory usage
MD Create new folders
MODE Configure a system device
MORE Display output, one screen at a time
MOUNTVOL Manage a volume mount point
MOVE Move files from one folder to another
MSCONFIG Turn on and off services, start up items, boot, etc.
MSG Send a message
MSIEXEC Microsoft Windows Installer
MSTSC Terminal Server Connection (Remote Desktop Protocol)
NET Manage network resources
NETSH Configure network protocols
NBTSTAT Display networking statistics (NetBIOS over TCP/IP)
NETSTAT Display networking statistics (TCP/IP)
NSLOOKUP Name server look-up
PATH Display or set a search path for executable files
PATHPING Trace route plus network latency and packet loss
PAUSE Suspend processing of a batch file and display a message
PING Test a network connection
PRINT Print a text file
PROMPT Change the command prompt
PUSHD Save and then change the current directory
RASDIAL Manage RAS connections
RASPHONE Manage RAS connections
RECOVER Recover a damaged file from a defective disk.
REG Registry: Read, Set, Export, Delete keys and values
REGEDIT Import or export registry settings
REGSVR32 Register or unregister a DLL
REGINI Change Registry Permissions
REM Record comments (remarks) in a batch file
REN Rename a file or files.
REPLACE Replace or update one file with another
RD Delete folder(s)
ROUTE Manipulate network routing tables
RUNAS Execute a program under a different user account
RUNDLL32 Run a DLL command (add/remove print connections)
SC Service Control
SET Display, set, or remove environment variables
SETLOCAL Control the visibility of environment variables
SHARE List or edit a file share or print share
SHIFT Shift the position of replaceable parameters in a batch file
SHUTDOWN Shutdown the computer
SORT Sort input
START Start a program or command in a separate window.
SUBST Associate a path with a drive letter
TIME Display or set the system time
TITLE Set the window title for a CMD.EXE session
TLIST Task list with full path
TOUCH Change file timestamps
TREE Graphical display of folder structure
TYPE Display the contents of a text file
VER Display version information
VERIFY Verify that files have been saved
VOL Display a disk label
WINMSD Windows system diagnostics
XCOPY Copy files and folders
Here is my second list of DOS commands that I've tested and verified to work with Microsoft Windows XP Professional on the command line. These commands will not work with Windows XP Home, but many of them should still work with Vista Home or Vista Ultimate/Win7. It may be possible that Microsoft decided to keep conformity with the differences between “home” and “pro” versions of their Vista product, too. I haven't yet tested Vista or Windows 7 versions/pre-releases to see yet. So you may want to use these command lists seperately for Vista and Win7 products the same way I have them listed for Windows XP Home vs Windows XP Pro if that is the case.
DOS COMMANDS FOR XP PRO (These commands only work with Windows XP Professional or higher)
ADDUSERS Adds or lists users to or from a CSV file
ASSOCIAT One-step file association
BOOTCFG Edit the Windows boot settings
BROWSTAT Get the domain, browser and PDC info
CHANGE Change the Terminal Server Session properties
CIPHER Encrypt or Decrypt files and/or folders
CLEARMEM Clear any memory leaks
CLIP Copy STDIN directly to the Windows clipboard.
CLUSTER Windows Clustering
COMPRESS Compress files one at a time on an NTFS partition
CON2PRT Connect or disconnect a Printer from the computer
CSCcmd Client-side caching (of offline files)
CSVDE Import or Export Active Directory data
DELPROF Delete NT user profile(s)
DELTREE Delete a folder and all of its subfolders
DevCon The Device Manager Command Line Utility
DIRUSE Display current disk usage (equivalent of the Unix 'du' command)
DISKPART Disk Partition Management and Administration
DNSSTAT Get DNS Statistics
DSADD Add a user (computer, group..etc.) to active directory
DSMOD Modify a user (computer, group..etc.) in active directory
EXTRACT Uncompress CAB files
FORFILES Perform Batch process of multiple files
FREEDISK Check free disk space (in bytes)
GLOBAL Display membership of global groups
IFMEMBER Is the current user in an NT Workgroup
KILL Removes a program from memory
LOCAL Display membership of local groups
LOGEVENT Write text to the NT event viewer.
LOGTIME Log the date and time in a file
MAPISEND Send email from the command line
MBSAcli Baseline Security Analyzer.
MKLINK Create a symbolic link (linkd)
MOVEUSER Move a user from one domain to another
MSINFO Windows NT diagnostics
MUNGE Find and Replace certain text/ascii within file(s)
MV Copy files which are considered in-use by the system
NETDOM Domain Manager
NETSVC Command-line Service Controller
NOW Display the current Date and Time
NTBACKUP Backup folders to tape
NTRIGHTS Edit user account rights
PERMS Show permissions for a user
PERFMON Performance Monitor
POPD Restore the previous value of the current directory
PORTQRY Display the status of ports and services
PRNCNFG Display, configure or rename a printer
PRNMNGR Add, delete, list printers set the default printer
PsExec Execute process remotely
PsFile Show files opened remotely
PsGetSid Display the SID of a computer or a user
PsInfo List information about a system
PsKill Kill processes by name or process ID
PsList List detailed information about processes
PsLoggedOn Who's logged on (locally or via resource sharing)
PsLogList Event log records
PsPasswd Change an account password
PsService View and control services
PsShutdown Shutdown or reboot the computer
PsSuspend Suspend processes
QGREP Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern.
RMTSHARE Share a folder or a printer
ROBOCOPY Robust File and Folder Copy
SCHTASKS Create or Edit Scheduled Tasks
SCLIST Display NT Services
SETX Set environment variables permanently
SHORTCUT Create a windows shortcut (.LNK file)
SHOWGRPS List the NT Workgroups a user has joined
SHOWMBRS List the Users who are members of a Workgroup
SLEEP Wait for x seconds
SOON Schedule a command to run in the near future
SU Switch User
SUBINACL Edit file and folder Permissions, Ownership and Domain
SYSTEMINFO List system configuration
TASKLIST List running applications and services
TASKKILL Remove a running process from memory
TIMEOUT Delay processing of a batch file
TRACERT Trace route to a remote host
USRSTAT List domain user names and last log-in
WHERE Locate and display files in a directory tree
WHOAMI Output the current UserName and domain
WINDIFF Compare the contents of two files or sets of files
WINMSDP Windows system diagnostics II
WMIC WMI Commands
XCACLSChange file permissions
Please note that on Windows, if you shut off a system service, certain calls from some commands may not execute as expected or run at all.
Be sure that the services you need are turned on if you suspect a command not working as it normally should or does on another machine running XP. Make sure that the system is aware of any service changes and that they can be accessed via the DOS box as-is (if not, you might need to start a new DOS box and continue in some cases to correct that on Win XP Home).
Sources:
http://www.microsoft.com/resources/documentation/windows/xp/all/proddocs/en-us/ntcmds.mspx?mfr=true
from: Christiaans Blog
Acctually you can not only use iso in virtual machine, for windows 98 you can also boot win98 from an iso file in real machine.
For real machine, you can map the iso with Grub4dos, and boot from iso, then load eltorito.sys in dos. And you can start live win98 directly from an iso file (even the iso file locate in NTFS or linux partition, it is still possible to boot win98 from iso, since grub4dos can read the iso in these type of partitions).
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To install a skin, copy a skin file to the Skins subfolder in the program installation folder. After that for the changes to take effect you have to restart IDA.
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System Requirements:
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